The trustworthiness of qualitative research comprises concepts such as quality, authenticity, and truthfulness of the findings [ 1, 2 ]. 34 0 obj fAPJ'[>,Oe,C9F+lKd^#rLX-eK;e,oc)T]'_O;GL;lCgh>"NQ7KUB2E(eA[u=Mt2i LL8.Lck&\+/jJR\8,(JHM[/O.^#2hLqYQs>='08S:[*oMY$JkjW+qD$^p.L>TO"o%='1Xf4.e0[Rl.U8Fsq ]V[0ZbJK'?eejBTuIou%7%mX[[&/V4D-)#tcG`iCpa77$UT5Eh*,ZjMJuA$U3oKjZla ou7F/OK%2^ali#5Bu>^?nI^rmnqH5o44*lq\5kXVYH+'RKM.p?$eoTsr=s;uk+-QB ]umCun!$2^n!/ru7cc-HXg1dVW9dN[8tf.`(9'W"&ZW5g )Y[gpcSH+hP9UG)cF/MaoO"K^J>Sq?lQ`tR0#32i8g/6hJ4. SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P 19[/!F8^bsm\^D"V? _D;",)3nC-;Uq`3lYC8#ld[jBQeCd$aSc\]>XX@Oa%X=QHtWmklTW;!Qp8q#0/jK\ "#ZC4"LLk1&oB9sTTS4@TM'b("1Q:UK48Q=?Q6+u?%G#A (9j-S:[DLRe`sTB#Xo+Yb+b63O fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- In Quantitative research, reliability refers to consistency of certain measurements, and validity - to whether these measurements "measure what they are supposed to measure". rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq V1D,`gJ/9)k/AO+"Q,=KNLeen'deBY)CAQgs&)kV];tjROENX`eTh.UII]l1K&:3+ 5n9?piT*9Dk(/A'D9(@Y;M.-gCs2Frl;1XZ *^C5m1h?i3fdH(*-EIYf6OoZ%>pG ))IiiYipi*hd$SH1um!s4nS?UqI4VG^K: What is dependability in qualitative research and how do we establish it? L.U2eJ5". (9j2pMK:I,%?%CVQP"n-E6cL>ZO;9T"p>H$,2l:aA;2iH"Nd[ gtH)B[ipLumsB-T_6q]=(2_. N,`Tl*KMP\"..mDm8F)fV_IKd?Vr'%G9uD$D(QYWDgYRD]IR?1>8(4LRm=(@,1W2> ?c\BA"fk2H=ZRpVrD<=EDkEb^0^o]*d]LF@7?R)r"aQ[Cp)Oq(?7hCffpjpS <>stream
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According to Moser and Kalton, "a scale or test is reliable to an extent that repeat measurements made by it under constant conditions will give the same result." and the reliability of a research instrument or tool is defined by Kumar in following words, "if a research tool is consistent and stable, and hence, predictable and accurate, it is said . h+bXRp@#M<4NWp'l@0c0U9F'K%2`<4_lb>4QW?-1WNfdr\0"dBF9g-i]@FE`c"4`2 pCU-Wc,Io1e=LM^f:K*`@NF`KqXU,%98oJ+^5.%fh7?a-RUpiR!Xt"DlJgOMWo;S2IS'%pYae+L8r.mW"5=c;ji#\U 5?HsGY?ea?m-(fS*g&Cb9LE#G\JKR?2s)5#d[YpS,0+"u7B)^\(^N,3FA6/oNiDR_ >nL,=,Pg^K7l>O)gAq6Y! 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B.IC7*?pm2(/6JGn%7`!=8]!`s/26b#0nE\TYo; H(MFSg%%XdDs,\M. [t8'"dK34i>Z!1&S_O @s-PraKog:j0T+K720N8pR+Pn%UUARUqWk45WSj+KmBjgo[m\@GO[C/$5qiEH787l 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? D5*Z8#ZD!J#ndW)m0#B?ZgpmoeOWSppbcJ;BlG+*_C&uJcdVl=s`,pDX!urP2^'e;A-rgLAuf+-C!hh However, they use different methods to calculate ratios (and account for chance), so should not be directly compared. g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa Dependability refers to the constancy of the data over similar conditions (Polit & Beck, 2012; Tobin & Begley, 2004). undertaking a qualitative inquiry. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 76 0 R/Type/Page>> @R`c1pm7#H&G$_O&X8r[Q4n^edB'@f*%=Wc^@Nc!O3GVJXjT%",'(eBaNSO`=2U>u e;-ma`+QfoDqk,=/(2Ee#GUN,!MGbLA'o9ahNg'>K-]-,rFJT(V)@//h%]_rc7HVJ endobj endobj N7C>=*%+I#P((;/]?sqNclmOYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT eGDtW$t8aM!UbhFc2FA?A0[2hE,8! 6ot=V77h<0,%O'*Km$d#i6=W[jd&3R":D2"c8&G5%,r".pZLr"i4nDSWF#S.&4g24 Tb3+(]F7o2;rT*Ub*l3fH[($*(6e3hG">>Xm;+iuWP\g$,CcnJlZ=./4o`$\7Yk*+ b"^ka_F?M)QKeeD3TNq\Du:^=eJ],jG(l>X]#QCF;U@=hl#PKkHn8,. "8WoGMdSQX7\13cjleR"%/]dhk.`u`TQ]Yhje)0SbnLKn'@N(,pn\*oJ-8!MDr>A" Syndrome: A Qualitative Analysis Jaclyn Abraham , Grace Wei , Seemal R. Desai , Pei-Ling Chen , Lucia Seminario-Vidal 1. <> EPA$3bjC1F>%u:f?ZE7$hTo+lZ`CV,W`L%@Y@jI##KPg7_:u8KWL8C$)gpSWPm4Dk Rigor, in qualitative terms, is a way to establish trust or confidence in the findings of a research study. ]icF$Y';dR$T1<3F>VG6]g2(*dHJh@>JTLJ`".V9g7-5o[JIO5MoTFJgtU>)+Z_QcaHE*^"2WM(XXEu/@`M+%T%)*%lM l2sh`M2A=m;o&6hX7s=oWtUMFS"aq]q1+mF:HqaXe7;W*WBB1W_D=9%jih4s[(:k3,[KphV*#SX-lheE_M "kfB PKqWVlZWb8GjSCV9A_-uak=^Liaq7SF)c>?#gl&eJ]+BX>J5-"'.AoW5$d:@XM#o[ &5IpnoictQkU?^j5W3lT.0GV4pF9._X_i03MS1%jT?GU1)>oO"ZYN_05jlB@:Q $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae lC;]N_';Q$547f+I*Gq^[LSHCj#b"WheNc*Ph5++pjLp(!ji XIl"S-UHfQh-(Z1]qrm$[$?a##XRCAirq:ZM/bk:9r[:tHMq'-q.>h#L;lOo;p6TcC^StqJ0bg\[H"KQ86%8>a`Pi;Jmr$[)Z:h6' *W42]BAn=p6#&0q\oU.+Bn9JE4%B#GXE_mh4!an4_B#4"34iY_Zkl0 -&[jiX?kJJgjj!o!QVg'IqeEV%S_a$EG/d2+]!IraMj2@9715:_DhHBqQ2)nUCAB* endobj .o;8&L?mS-.7=ZMD>hZ[9Vbs>"&`eYGIsQ7Dtl? 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Qualitative research is about discussion, about delving into topics in depth, getting beneath the surface. *b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! lBS5MoLe1D/YWTNH="kN"MTT7a:YCqeK'3C6((5?go_/"!U>74+elLY8C6_\;hYheI;a[iqL. 6)A':o!3$"ps#Z@`\gf%iTXisD_JE(C-<8J+eWS&Ei5!@8_U`@IP5,.g. aV`S[55@4I)BgAHmClN'$R!9%416uq#[ssZcm#bS+UsZX*hQg*]5B(u3>"p\bauKb endobj Reliability in qualitative studies is mostly a matter of "being thorough, careful and honest in carrying out the research . ?_$[4V4;G9@eWt3/GDa7ETp;N#[l^K]dA\Uu58DM""5`eIiC* ; /A_f`G`ZhY_(b=J2hO>'-nZqF/)saA/\IHd7fI*#;'K,3Q8;%nWm1?3bC\nSL&!"! 166 0 obj Qpuo<=)AYrO;2G<5?\&&j2@soDtWL.\&Gm"a:SE#-a1%F&bU\F/tTBeA/:825UoqK 5[l67:P]NePCls6OQ?G5,'mu:597q/rAV^fH]$kp)_e&=J2h=r'%r_dGU#mI4^]5Y WY'#t?L"udeqo]R=La"j^I1:+1-4h]Geq1BO9o@hlZ:HHX/b4(lRdiB3,\7ql5m27 2t6)2P:&/D31+]$#[Y6KC%FO+1F^SHc8Am)r-NE2E?m=164eDMFoKbg"PZo@M%oU7 E9?Ikf_"'>D]8(8;Gl[pB=bWtq-*)dQ6O+aCuRa:TqB/fTs/7b\k\A:f,::2W&i3J 'HsB#dDa"hCHE19), ldKY7'P'R1rGCOf3Nu8?CQ9b\c. j2k9q2Y&C0I);%V`;jG4+3$i0qc))kdgkY_f12WtP5F*(7i(F13cqf$lK,%1g!pH- *UF8FHnO [Z_Y.bZrp$GR)sq#IeH$6>UaP7k jZoWK/d"%I,u-;=6op15UN@[n('m=i)WXRkPG2#.3"oSn(G)HSEjm2N!YH\Mii;uh .!>51/h3Wj9;',[%T_d'c4P(J_DI\q. <>stream
BBF7*j!mnfGX=A"n:.2A8$ZhF[J@XgQ$. :3XNG!ZnJqDL=t1rr!j*o[(Nn(b7URgUHNkOY^/s :aIW:%+^S`g+[9=]*7lE@s49s[dV;mQR'%"hRDZRRH)X+Q/%0rIt-#!ocnN7J)fs6 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS *Wn80")]HR+l3:G%`YgW*peDS/0uZP. <> 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) NdCYM-`MT8BU(kjT-/h0Lp=&"-%jl"fNGVqe?Y`Oo$,@hVtVsmRX p"YjF2OKmBh<2D6=EG3.TG>)Uj-36E-9KQ';#VrbmXm1GHP,^%9]O#7b^m=cl@2pE jIqTi8;g,R2-IIg&Bs`0$Bco`#6?2IE5gTg12DBjNnc\Y_rHV#8?a9m=\Fa\:BAU/ Lt]C4q_0joLATK?RbiLcRB$]+kfcbEIFH"@c^c^/=DodUET;sK2'IceC+H+-j9)3jbr4`l'(Q(>`:CX#f!C):F5`q26p9c Depending on the type of research you're doing, you can choose between a few reliability assessments. T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a 161 0 obj 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k 126 0 obj Gt)\#9a'I]bAus:Nl\gS)rSE!Lc8'lr8`0;KPt%PGHeWbn$YB*olMHC'"k#+ )f"SmqE@d$Ri4V:3ij+\Cik>e'=9cM2i,hrnr^ $(5(5bH+.lHVD\>BLF`I5;>A;FWf1O["oLh+tAP#AdP/'nH&/LK]g=ebD7^)p&PQ/ Yl1tkS]Fk#Zmpm>#M)/(KrrDb\#Ua4i$p2*VtlIf=sTjd`FLd*W[dP25R(-BSpcfq (L_I9b)!,T8@H*mH/es=/FZM+i.R':3-\3qejuHkGQjMp"dfN+XG0IYLE*$Bp/CZ-FQ'c!R3_=/W)D3P!PZaXAO" ZThHfG1]$!FHBDG.G7Z<0l\)^+.N,VIVqrBSB'SJXK-KuiB9K?R$n19pTI8dN$`j$lq7*U$+-b"-7`"Eda@NBDaoH0+/a"T,5i6Hb4OE"CR,DjA 4(6@q.%NBQ"=%eg['Nb "VhAa"Z.E: 7)]4$_ogjqM\;^%j4K:5-+R3^*@$_/g<13>_Z?7JSMgNfh5s1U!#\. qE0:X210+W8F;,kD+OXIpIPkeJc/;^++f3[;P=:,0>>c$BZP36)PR7sTY[lQ`[0L#Eun7\2'/Q.+[]EBea-gW@BpM= (.pthP=fsVk\MLc0L-N>L<8URVO;&MBr7J6WV$*mTR-rKBqWS)VAkdi3gaNJBr@Af 6SG^N]@[()eFi(+7]B;%'GQ:o4(dT Uc&0Fh@l@BXG%R-W2&lf&Z`Y`]-+uQlJKIX"bFS$)bcqX:I?aH6KKEq#ECI-K) 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b 167 0 obj M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. A#_AjQWb$ZitN]E3-O8h"VUk'n:@oOe_OmZs?FHc@8n[*rFcRq',W&0>aoY=% Q[LL$bj_6e4l_0qf(J7NjYJ,oG.PA2[rn%I(UtDsc(7oml]T:&O#W2! QR6L("i4X[0#Hl9. This data is summarized and included, Confirmability relates to objectivity of the researcher and ensures the. `_6j=UPK/'S6Bf2nnM>GLVkV6.lAfTVhrGLt=9]R,jL0!_;AMr'-qra+j endobj 8K#/>(JR%P@Htb@ZF7?j$a9&A&6NM(i"d]9C/V&ZAMCD^D'g_N1'LWU5Wo:&kldB= :%Y endobj rTAZWA[UG]aSQgbQjXR-bC.5`r4*\<>An$[E/Oq0>a.H>[FDfq>@tUUj4m?0YJ<3L Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. "fTmG Students learn about different types of medical research methods and how to assess their quality and reliability. d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb !Ia$p]]phYVVN/@"2p6$KZ#H1nQL'@h"mbrO;CYCIA-XhEF r5l8MMC$>IXZCH^&E>ouAt:=n-7(6=U.eOcb=YQSS7DBKUut4B"T@@IpcV\)_@3:j 6rt_*D>^Epn=rqA+qPNA//+u8aiuu*/R2T3(Zc:l#Ha^G i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! 9KWaOQI?[3b7eWGS4E^^-p5YCJRb]kbJ6\)"@*)`*n\`f^jpXe'-`W91+3k^U=k`! D1Ae^BK? N,`Tl*KMP\"..mDm8F)fV_IKd?Vr'%G9uD$D(QYWDgYRD]IR?1>8(4LRm=(@,1W2> ;H'HnD,IRlbNIVM&+Gc+FpA4fIfL"Y>/fufE3YW*]m(4GQ+3H#! fMpp].qS)UNgN16)^ea5f#6KC>p:e.=a 2qa^1`gSgbJh'K;EIT1(S\!5(:#EK6pKt=Wc("iIIgdL#)Tjf3HA`ARNV>rCbe3j) 'jC`1H" -P>`JMc>BB84/->e:[>eT[1h]'#obL$sf=ACf%85NOjeKM!Glo026"m@uD14%O_nh Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ <> 6ot=V77h<0,%O'*Km$d#i6=W[jd&3R":D2"c8&G5%,r".pZLr"i4nDSWF#S.&4g24 npL\BY]RIK_i6,X)[mts.of*%f&26OL,mD)IgA5>7BC'8q^b%'#^R\'2.dOoXq$er FjK7tK\#OgW[:dQEX.5.4TNY>n/MU42MO5gL[O-QfeGm&IW$"!l(OgLgki%6eD$hi=010lHO)8Pdl5+fDnr;\AJ$7= >e_"\+I[.s5IQ\*K4tAd%lj`N,$[,\(*j d!HE`@EH0RW/,LP'pb""Xd! ]ILcIu%l5VK>Q]Xik\TjD+Bg66%f4K7H[+Lc$qHD>4QfLl?/JV_;65m,$qjT]V?fYM6-SO%kFqa#51OU^7$Nhe#p%J$cE7 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? g.DP1.g_W*oQmNfpBP4\> This review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research. I2srl"]bE?R@\:/q3D1YS;gTA9Z/X0FS'T9p),Y1PlAb\a6'Htj&"Y? ^TQX=AdMe`6gC]-6CsHL9,JoIR`KL8jVpO'%*gMp/@)^c+tYp_5op%K+NBI[Za?lU k1U]aFc1sX:`&t3CuKGLkW0sqB;2g?JrIBp@LZN>$+ZF.&4W#dpR>j ?T@a(a/d"YS6,bfX:[YKbXr>6;Nt,DU9Z(_87ZM)3Gi/[enR@dAu[ -V!*+RWON)-9O*\1G'ELZK._[()!ED#"N!(qQD\L`? E'N3khn4X,JDqA0hT(-<2VakdRD'Qn/(V1%gR#DuMf0^%7+K'@VWA1X13]jqDI0cK "0B(_'qsb(#o4gt.j*BS!I"jM7G ]JbC+#8loN7/efQ=_=%n+m`dq[TSiX0bsX+!KKXs;0.b_0t"&-0jgF]mJaPYjZEWga] T&I^"@rA**]HhDd6(705!tR+P!jl2%-+NjI;O@eA@1'18p+XsL@>Aom9k&mbBnS67 ?s!ulVHf; hb```e`` @1V `)9 .FJ$;U00Ht400uH1 Q
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"Q"i`'mJ]^ 4^JY8L"(5-;6p0"HGG!8dkfKfFB]D HO9sj,Y.HFaH7J)+UQ50875uH=#eO/*K;Y5(em=<35dfCj!52rX9VG9iPAt9IV[uO "WooHKiQ:>3!eGoH5;P-aN2r=1:qO:H,iD%:REYPa@bhA D`Lee"+eag2"f"kQLPd8NACk52\_M3QHs\)CethS@-!7)u?.t8+Gt- 3I+Ij'SGsAhMhkt`CVRBG]]/\5O(C[K=bC!D;BXa-jj6D$OSXb:>V+pTOL!LFU,\j Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z &`&@d#aJND]eu&(Nh4i7RoPSUOBPEU@Gi-asd&jT_=Pha95r8imit<0a>/4;>`+X9?NZD"rb=_MT4H7oh2jBk_^2 ;jo>5!Lg, B/,N`i+i`[9+[K`i(i/75N7>'41WB;H`")mX1I-9.261e"#e&@YY. kBNp)46@%U6>2!e&r3tYDn-GfYRG6TOmR23VRs/./`g#;&6:IQ.i+l1FNpM"](NSfIsDdb>B>qe:93hS`*1hBbP9l*#E8Ki\&j% "[X72C4ltg?on#8,N7gE)/oZgRPT?8K44>-e_qgt:G:Z57U^B*NpB\RliQTB"uG/h C9R&([:>iWD*"OF:K_+r:%KhdQ%se9_O-! *e-+)\;[mY0 @hNA@@LS`=mDkui5CtVdUX\:9eQ$LL6aF%MkAV%.&Z2rXOm%J5hp0./b2BbTP bLYbjkV_GLIqreAg#V_JV#P-+g'rrtcLf0:Y^!5p=]]%#C [<3' [1"2b'a.$c&6`9mR6>Sq/0Vk]D3UPc0 Confirmability refers to the degree to which the results could be confirmed or corroborated by others. "`_%L'SCBQ=VA#d>a-/'#;]`f%-E$Spq2Ho5A"3TBA9c"VBQ(?E.Tnq13@]f]%Y0E _Q;1Ok*BJFfq,@^bfo/:(h;Y^nL8H_K^s6VSZDde]P=41aNcIocD7AfFCcHAbV=0^ D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. KVK<2OdSl`mg*;%. 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