hogon within the dogon culture

Location. African art and culture had been a driving inspiration to European modern artists like Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, and Amedeo Modigliani, among others. Historically, the written Burmese term "Karen" probably came fr, Doggett, Bill (actually, William Ballard), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes (Canidae), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes: Canidae, Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. Expert Answer Introduction. The Dogon territory extends from approximately 1315 to 1500 N and from 130 to 400 W. The population is concentrated in some 300 villages along a 145-kilometer stretch of escarpment called the Cliffs of Bandiagara. 'Sigi' is a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first ancestors. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! Until the masqueraders have completed their dances, and every ritual has been performed, any misfortune can be blamed on the remaining spirits of the dead (Davis, 68). Nearby is a cave where music instruments are stored. Marriage into the occupational castessuch as that of blacksmithsis strongly prohibited. The village of Songho has a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals and plants. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. [5], The hogon may conduct rituals in the Sanctuaire de Binou, a special building the door of which is blocked with rocks. Africa, 38(1), 16-25, Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, Walther, O., Renaud, T., & Kissling, J. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. Formed by a range of sandstone hills, the cliff has a distinctive geology and forms a natural redoubt which is somewhat isolated from the surrounding region as it is bookmarked between two mountains. Social stratification among the Dogon is similar in many respects to that found in other societies in West Africa. The danyim is held a couple of months later. The Dogon are a wonderful and unique culture. In 1995, gravitational studies indeed showed the possible presence of a brown dwarf star orbiting around Sirius (a Sirius-C) with a six-year orbital period. Public opinion is a great regulator of social behavior in Dogon society, not so much for its threats of punishment through shame, but by its withdrawal of satisfaction and love from its erring members. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. The Dogon live in compact, occasionally walled villages built up the sides of the escarpment. In the event of a divorce, the woman takes only the youngest child with her, and the rest remain as a part of the husband's household. After his election, he has to follow a six-month initiation period, during which he is not allowed to shave or wash. [56], Oberg points out a number of errors contained in the Dogon beliefs, including the number of moons possessed by Jupiter, that Saturn was the furthest planet from the sun, and the only planet with rings. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. ', This alludes to reports that the Dogon knew of another star in the Sirius system, mm Ya, or a star "larger than Sirius B but lighter and dim in magnitude". ETHNONYM: Panjabi Another 10% practices Christianity. WebThe Dogon are renowned for their attachment to African Culture and traditions, and in Mali, I have witnessed many difficult mental illnesses being cured by Dogon healers, called the Hogon, which is the name for the Dogon priest. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. After initiation, he wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet. There are also areas of natural wonders, as well as regions of geological, archaeological, or historical significance. Individuals with high status may own a small number of cattle.[30]. Trade. The Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, grain, cotton, and tobacco. Fruit trees are valued possessions, and although they may be sold, the previous owner reserves the ownership of the field in which they are planted for his own use. He is responsible for the creation of three other subordinate beings, the worship of which is the basis of several totemic cults. Each sector of the Dogon Country had its hogon or spiritual leader, who passed on his power from father to son. "[55] Additionally, James Clifford notes that Griaule sought informants best qualified to speak of traditional lore, and deeply mistrusted converts to Christianity, Islam, or people with too much contact with whites. Although some Dogon accepted the new regime, many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years. "[52] In his book Sirius Matters, Noah Brosch postulates that the Dogon may have had contact with astronomers based in Dogon territory during a five-week expedition, led by Henri-Alexandre Deslandres, to study the solar eclipse of 16 April 1893. The heavenly Powers themselves were dual, and in their Earthly manifestations they constantly intervened in pairs[28]. ." He gives the name to the lineage, inherits the compound, has control over a certain amount of land, and cares for the lineage altar. According to Dogon belief, they (hogon) are the "oldest direct descendant of the original ancestor." [11] They also believe in ancestral spirits such as the Serpent Ancestor Lebe, and the "Water Spirits" Nommo. A man may now sell a field allotted to him in the distribution of ginna property, but the sale is always revocable, and the ginna may recover the property upon the death of the seller through the reimbursement of the purchase price to the buyer. During the 1890s, a French army was sent into the region for the purpose of establishing colonies. Encyclopedia.com. (2008). Caste boys do not get circumcised.[31]. When Digitaria is closest to Sirius, that star brightens: when it is farthest from Sirius, it gives off a twinkling effect that suggests to the observer several stars. Articulo-Journal of Urban Research, (4), Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/articulo/417, My name is Edward Whelan and I graduated with a PhD in history in 2008. Following French rule, this concept was modified to allow individual ownership of property. The orbit cycle takes 50 years. While the people keep chickens or herds of sheep and goats in Dogon villages, animal husbandry holds little economic value. Grain is stored in granaries. The escarpment is rich in archaeological discoveries both from the Dogon and the earlier Tellem society. Beierle, John "Dogon While digging at a site called Pakaytambo in the southern Peru highlands, anthropologists and archaeologists from the University of IllinoisChicago (UIC) unearthed an ancient Wari ritual complex that was approximately 1,200 years old. The answer is sewa, which means that everything is fine. Their images or figures appeared on the female side of the Dogon sanctuary. [47][48] In a 1991 article in Current Anthropology, anthropologist Wouter van Beek concluded after his research among the Dogon that, "Though they do speak about Sigu Tolo [which is what Griaule claimed the Dogon called Sirius] they disagree completely with each other as to which star is meant; for some it is an invisible star that should rise to announce the sigu [festival], for another it is Venus that, through a different position, appears as Sigu Tolo. Women may leave their husbands early in their marriage, before the birth of their first child. The Sirige mask is a tall mask used in funerals only for men who were alive during the holding of the Sigui ceremony (see below) (Davis, 68). The smallest country of mainland Africa, this small nation can seem quite unremarkable at first glance, being confined only to the length of the Gambia River and Shambhala, which is a Sanskrit word meaning place of peace or place of silence, is a mythical paradise spoken of in ancient texts, including the Kalachakra Tantra and the ancient scriptures of the Zhang Zhung culture which predated Tibetan Buddhism in western Tibet. WebDogon or Tellem peoples (?) Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). Masks used during the yincomoli ceremony include the Yana Gulay, Satimbe, Sirige, and Kanaga. 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Influence from Tellem art is evident in Dogon art because of its rectilinear designs (Laude, 24). van Beek (text) (2001). You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The souls of the just reach paradise, Ardyenne, or the house of god (Amma ginu ), where they live an existence analogous to that which they lived on earth. They were one of the last people in West Africa to lose their independence and come under French rule.[18]. From 1931 to 1956, Griaule studied the Dogon in field missions ranging from several days to two months in 1931, 1935, 1937 and 1938[39] and then annually from 1946 until 1956. Their eyes were red, their tongues forked, and their arms flexible and unjointed.[21]. The private property of a woman goes first to her daughter, then to the youngest sister. Dogon CultureProfane and Arcane . Evidence from substrate vocabulary in Bangime and Dogon, Dogon Languages and Linguistics An (sic) Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali, The Dance of Masks of the Dogon People, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali: the Dogon Fish Festival, African worlds: studies in the cosmological ideas and social values of African peoples, Dogon images from the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogon_people&oldid=1139711208, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bedaux, R. & J.D. van der Waals (eds.) After Mali's independence from France in 1960, a 40-kilometer road was built from Bandiagara to Sanga, which further disrupted traditional life. In Dogon thought, males and females are born with both sexual components. As sacred leader of the Lebe cult he oversees the important planting and Formally, wives join their husband's household only after the birth of their first child. Religious Beliefs. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? [54] James Oberg, however, citing these suspicions notes their completely speculative nature, writing that, "The obviously advanced astronomical knowledge must have come from somewhere, but is it an ancient bequest or a modern graft? [6][7] Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies in the Dogon region have been especially revealing about the settlement and environmental history, and about social practices and technologies in this area over several thousands of years. Dogon funeral rituals come in two parts. Kinship Terminology. Until the dama is completed, the soul of the deceased wanders on the southern outskirts of the village, sometimes in the bush or around its former dwelling. The most ancient dialects are dyamsay and tombo, the former being most frequently used for traditional prayers and ritual chants. There are twelve categories of disease considered treatable, each with its own specific healer who has special knowledge of the specific plant that will bring about a cure. In the early 1960s the Dogon population was 250,000more than a threefold increase over roughly a forty-year period from the census of 1921, which listed a population of 81,862. After completion of the dama, the soul departs from the world of the living and goes to the great god Amma. It has a strict code of etiquette, obligations, interdicts, and a secret language (sigi so). Explanation. Because the word sewa is so commonly repeated throughout a Dogon village, neighboring peoples have dubbed the Dogon the sewa people. The Dogon people with whom French anthropologists Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen worked during the 1930s and 1940s had a system of signs which ran into the thousands, including "their own systems of astronomy and calendrical measurements, methods of calculation and extensive anatomical and physiological knowledge, as well as a systematic pharmacopoeia". They were, however, frequently raided by local Muslims who killed the men and enslaved the women and children. WebHogon are the high priests of the cult of Lebe, the first Dogon ancestor to die, whose body was miraculously transformed into a snake after his death. Encyclopedia.com. The circumcision is celebrated and the initiated boys go around and receive presents. Craft skills are well developed among the Dogon, especially the making of pottery and baskets, weaving, wood carving, and leather- and ironworking. Dogon lineage is patrilineal, meaning A hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who plays an important role in Dogon religion. Their bodies are treated Most young men leave their villages to seek jobs in the cities of Mali and on the Ivory Coast; most of their earnings are sent home to their families. [citation needed] The selection of a wife is carried out by the man's parents. Pottery and spinning are the exclusive domain of women, whereas basketry and weaving are male activities. It was held once every sixty years and allegedly celebrated the white dwarf star, Sirius B. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. In addition to the priests and religious functionaries of the various cults, there are seers or visionaries (kumogu ) and diviners. WebMost Dogon sculptures are carved for personal or family use, to commemorate the founding of a community, or for community worship. They are Nommo, the "son of Amma," generally considered a water spirit; Lebe, the incarnation of the earth and its fertilizing properties; and Yurugu, the mythical representative of fallen man. The largest ginnas are subdivided into several families, or tire togo (sing.). Marriage. And then there are special sites such as this, which boast all these features. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. Industrial Arts. Death and Afterlife. This custom is repeated over and over, throughout a Dogon village, all day. According to Ogotemmli's description of them, the Nummo, whom he also referred to as "Water", had green skinned covered in green hair, and in form were like human from the loins up, but serpent below. The yingim consists of both the sacrifice of cows, or other valuable animals, and mock combat. Other authors have argued that previous 20th-century European visitors to the Dogon are a far more plausible source of such information and dispute whether Griaule's account accurately describes Dogon myths at all. Social Organization. Biographies - Hogon | African Religious Leader | Britannica Members of these castes are physically separate from the rest of the village and live either at the village edge or outside of it entirely. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village, cultural respect is encouraged. . ." [3], The Dogon are best known for their religious traditions, their mask dances, wooden sculpture, and their architecture. Starting in the northeastern part of Dogon territory, each village takes turns celebrating and hosting elaborate feasts, ceremonies, and festivities. Pern, Stephen (1982). Once a boy is circumcised, he transitions into young adulthood and moves out of his father's house. & Hollyman, Stephenie (photographs) & Walter E.A. Other crops include sesame, maize, Masques dogons. Because of his solitary state, the first son of God acted as he did. The district headman is also head of his lineage and occupies the "great house" (ginna) of that kin group. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. Houses may never be sold because the sites on which they stand belongs to the descendants of the old inhabitants, who have control over who occupies the house. In the Dogon language, the sun's name (nay) had the same root as "mother" (na) and "cow" (n). Sadly, these days the culture of the Dogon is under threat as many have converted to other religions. Damas that are still performed today are not usually performed for their original intent, but instead are performed for tourists interested in the Dogon way of life. All the rites and ceremonies involve, in varying degrees of complexity, offerings and sacrifices, mock battles, and the prominent display of the carved masks (generally through their use in the elaborate dances of the masked society). Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. Dogon religion and Dogon philosophy both expressed a haunting sense of the original loss of twin-ness. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. 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Belief, they ( hogon ) are the `` Water spirits '' Nommo Dogon the sewa.! Of Songho has a hogon, or tire togo ( sing. ) Serpent... Or visionaries ( kumogu ) and diviners threat as many have converted to other religions to son out... In their Earthly manifestations they constantly intervened in pairs [ 28 ] dwelling in the 's. Heavenly Powers themselves were dual, and their architecture are not repurchased subsequently become individual.! Dwarf star, Sirius B also head of his solitary state, the soul departs from the of..., neighboring peoples have dubbed the Dogon country hogon within the dogon culture its hogon or spiritual leader a...
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