WebFire is an interesting symbol in Fahrenheit 451 because it symbolizes two different things. Montags parlor has TVs that cover the entire wall. First, Technology causes one to be distracted from making personal interaction. These themes show up multiple times in the book and are expressed heavily in the story. Web. Already a member? "What Are Parlor Walls" eNotes Editorial, 26 Jan. 2021, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/in-fahrenheit-451-what-are-parlor-walls-and-what-107315. Webdedicated server support for windows is not installed. Those walls project electronic human faces that can interact with the, In conclusion, we cannot say that technology is something bad as it has contributed greatly towards the advances of mankind. Her thoughts are not crazy, Bradbury illustrates how backwards the society is. When I first began reading Ray Bradburys novel, Fahrenheit 451, I didnt think much about the major themes and motifs in the story; however, as I continued to read the novel, I found a reoccurring theme throughout the story. When writing this novel in the early 1950s, televisions were large box-like structures that took up a great deal of space. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. WebThe parlor walls represent how easily the power of technology can be taken advantage of; Bradbury expresses this idea through the obsessive behaviour the citizens show towards these walls. So, Ive got lots of time for crazy thoughts (Bradbury 7). And get the fourth wall torn out and fourth wall-TV put in? After Montag murders Captain Beatty, a manhunt ensues as the authorities attempt to capture Montag. Before long, another Mechanical Hound is dispatched from another district to track Montag down. Montags wife whom he courted in Chicago and married when they both were twenty, Mildred characterizes shallowness and mediocrity. I hope that helps! In addition, from the novel, it states, At least keep, it down to the minimum! he yelled. As a result of causing numerous fires, their physical appearance was altered by their career, such as their skin becoming burnt. The website cannot function properly without these cookies. Thats my family. Mildred gets addicted to television so severely that she addresses technology as family. Because the fires are always prettier at night. What is the relationship Mildred has with her parlor walls? In the firt part of Fahrenheit 451, Mildred tells Montag that Clarisse is dead. Bradbury also uses At ten oclock the house began to die to show that the downfall of society has begun. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. In part 2, Montag interrupts Mildred and her friends while they are watching the parlor walls. I dont mix (29). 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Part 1: The Hearth and the Salamander Summary. walls in their parlor or living room, and Mildred is hinting around to Montag that she wants yet another one. What are parlor walls in Fahrenheit 451 page number? There is nothing wrong with the technology itself; in fact, the idea of a whole wall being an interactive television sounds amazing! She considers her parlour walls to be more entertaining than her own husband, she even calls the people she watches on TV parlor-family. When Guy Montag requests for her to turn down the television because he is sick, she replies "that 's my family" (Bradbury 49). In the novel Fahrenheit 451, family revolves more around having the latest and greatest gadgets and less about human interaction and love. (Bradbury, 64). In Bradbury's celebrated novel Fahrenheit 451, the parlor walls are massive television screens that take up entire living rooms and entertain shallow people like Mildred and her friends. .it is about the words chosen and the way those words are deployed. Mildred is taking pills. Bradbury's novel teaches its readers how too much censorship and control can lead to further damage and the repetition of historys mistakes through the use of symbolism, imagery, and motif. What does Mildred do in the parlor living room )? One of the largest TVs that is on the market is by Sony, which is available in 85 inches (Sony Slim TV). One of the most prominent examples of technologically advanced media is the wall. When Guy Montag requests for her to turn down The parlor is a set of walls that can be installed into a house. Mildred is addicted to watching television on these parlor walls. It says on page 16, If only they could have taken her mind to the dry cleaners and emptied the pockets and steamed and cleansed it and reblocked it and brought it back in the morning. Mildred overdoses on pills and couldnt remember anything. The people do not even know Mildred, let alone love her. An instrument that is able to transform sound into a visual image, parlor walls are television sets designed for smaller spaces, such as the home. Latest answer posted May 12, 2021 at 12:09:36 AM. Technology is something wonderful as it has helped mankind in many ways so we should continue to advance as a species using technology but at the same time, we should regulate the use of technology to reduce the negative effects of, Parlor Walls In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury. Who wouldve thought he was, Mildred constantly shows Montag that she doesnt care about him or what he does. The book is flooded with symbolism and meaning to both the real world and science fiction world that Bradbury has created. How long you figure before we save up and get the fourth wall torn out and a wall-TV put in. A through E are in part one the hearth and the salamander and f and g are in part three burning bright. Is that better? (23). Hearth = The area in front of a fireplace Salamander = Creature who lives in fire, immune to it. Montag turns the TV parlor walls off. This is just an example of many people in this book. But do books--or, rather, the ideas in them, or the act of pondering those ideas--assure happiness and wisdom? Bradbury encourages cognition. According to Faber, why is Faber a coward? Web. The overarching theme of Fahrenheit 451 explores the struggle between mans. In the morning when Montag comes down from sleeping, he sees Mildred and she had both, People have predicted and imagined things about the future since the mind has existed. . Instead their families are the items they own. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is an excellent utopian/dystopian fictional story about a man who fights for the freedom to read. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury creates the TV parlor in an attempt to illustrate how addiction to technology can isolate the members of a society. Quality books and authors often camouflage further meaning behind a character, theme or symbol providing a treasure for readers willing to search. Bradbury utilizes Mildred as a symbol of ignorance to emphasize how a population will be devoid of the ability to think critically while living in a totalitarian society. There is no physical or mental connection with other humans and that is a big issue in today's world too. Mildred expects to get another parlor wall because she is addicted to them. In Fahrenheit 451Montag is very uncomfortable with the mechanical hound. Clarisse is called weird and anti-social because of her definition of. She talks about her parents some when she is speaking to Montag, but she talks way more about her uncle and what he says. The novel shows how nature is a cycle of construction and destruction, whereas technology only leads to destruction, and in the end humanity is always left devastated and ruined. Her abnormally white flesh and chemically burnt hair epitomize a society that demands an artificial beauty in women through diets and hair dye. In Fahrenheit 451, the people attempt suicide so often that there is a special snake used to pump their stomachs. What does Mildred do when Montag requests she turn off the parlor walls? Wiki User. In Fahrenheit 451, what is one of the three things Faber says is missing from society? In Fahrenheit 451, the parlor walls are a form of entertainment that most people have inside their homes. It is a robot type of dog, equipped with a steel needle, and programmed to hunt and kill. At the beginning of the novel, Mildred and Montag have three t.v. The people in the book surround their lives with the wall tvs; the more you have makes you look like you rich. Hes the head honcho fireman, but he knows more about books than anyone else. walls in their "parlor" or living room, and Mildred is hinting around to Montag that she wants yet another one. With the walls we have the ability to interact with the programs on the TV, this could help students who are training in, lets say medicine, to practice procedures and interactions with patients before theyre released into the hospital. Technology has made our lives easier in different aspects of life however we cannot take technology for granted as well. When one talks about their family, they can be describing any number of things: a biological family, a close-knit friend group, or even a romantic relationship that feels homely. Download the entire Fahrenheit 451 study guide as a printable PDF! What does Montag think about his wifes parlor walls? The parlor walls are effective in symbolizing the distance present in this When Captain Beatty arrived at the Montag household, why did Mildred run to the parlor? Michael J. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury created a storyline including Guy Montag, a thirty-year-old fireman in the twenty-fourth century is introduced. The shows on the parlor walls are senseless but entertain ignorant, shallow people like Mildred. eNotes Editorial, 15 July 2017, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/farenheit451-what-community-effort-do-parlor-566393. The parlor walls exemplified the futuristic technology within the novel, Fahrenheit 451. were basically big television screens. In the future that Bradbury imagines for his novel, the main technological innovations are in electronic media. "There must be something in books, things we can't imagine, to make a woman stay in a burning house; there must be something Latest answer posted November 22, 2020 at 3:24:17 PM. WebIn Fahrenheit 451, the parlor walls are massive, wall-sized television screens which take up entire living rooms. It is made of metal. Ray Bradbury explains to the reader that technology prevents meaningful relationships and impacts them in negatives ways. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. (SIP-A) He shows this when the parlor replaces the people's actual family and makes people think the ones shown on the walls are actually their family. In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 it states, Will you turn off? he asked. With its many uses, fires symbolic meaning is open to various interpretations. Hence, the parlor walls also serve as a community tool for enforcing all the dictates of an oppressive government upon a defenseless populace. All Mildred does is watch TV. WebUse Of Parlor Walls In Fahrenheit 451 401 Words2 Pages Bradbury uses the parlor walls to demonstrate how an obsession with technology can isolate an individual. Mildred questions Montag by saying, How long do you figure before we save up and get the fourth wall torn out and a fourth wall TV put in? importance of a book and how strongly he feels towards these ideas of preserving books and "In Fahrenheit 451, what community effort do the parlor walls incite?" The idea was that the firemen use flamethrowers to burn books, and the fire needed to be at least 451 degrees Fahrenheit to properly burn the paper. He had the chance to save books and be a leader but he didnt because he was scared. Fahrenheit 451 takes place in a dystopia where the use of technology has completely displaced the use of books and all things traditional. Some ways this could be used for good is kinda hard to see in the story line because we only really hear it being used to feed the technology hungry people of the society but lets assume that there are other ways the Parlor walls are being incremented into this world. P.4 So, the parlor walls are just large television screens that show programs. In Part One of Fahrenheit 451, Montag explains to the reader what the firemen do when the nights get dull which, in his opinion, is every night. In Part One of Fahrenheit 451, Montag explains to the reader what the firemen do when the nights get dull which, in his opinion, is every night.. Accessed 1 Mar. Themes Motifs And Symbols In Fahrenheit 451 Albert Resources Technology In Fahrenheit 451 Video Chemical and nuclear pollution affected men and women's reproductive system. With these walls, she only cares about her family, and everything else holds little significance to her. The firemen place bets on which animal the Hound will seize first before they let the animals loose. The firemen dispose if the dead animals into the incinerator and exchange their money before beginning a new game. After meating Clarisse, Montag no longer participates. According to Faber, what does Jesus do on the parlor walls? WebMany people in the Fahrenheit 451 society have parlor walls. In the first section ofFahrenheit 451the old lady says this. Mildred has succumb to technology and it has corrupted her life in such a way that her own husband no longer holds any emotional meaning to her anymore. Mildred is so addicted to watching television and consumed by the programs that she views the characters as her actual family. In Fahrenheit 451, why does the old woman choose to burn herself with her books, and what effect does her decision have on Montag? What does Montag do to the parlor walls and why does he do it? Similar to other programs on the parlor walls, "the family" is senseless entertainment meant to amuse unintelligent, superficial people like Mildred. She surrounds herself with her parlor-walls, and is comfortable with vicariously living through television as depicted through said walls. This TV is very similar to the full wall televisors in Fahrenheit 451. The parlor walls are a symbol of distraction in the society which Montag lives. She watches the parlor walls all day, giant TVs that cover entire walls. WebThe parlor walls exemplified the futuristic technology within the novel, Fahrenheit 451. What is the relationship Mildred has with her parlour walls? 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. without, Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 demonstrates how dehumanization can lead to a meaningless. Montag ends up burning them Also like in the world of Fahrenheit 451, our addiction to technology has gone way overboard, with everyone stuck in their technological world instead of interacting with others One show more content Why? Eventually, the people Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. The physical environment depicted in Fahrenheit 451 is consistent throughout most of the novel: it is cold and isolated. Shortly after leaving Faber's home Montag heads towards the river, but he stops to catch his Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. Sadly, she is not the only one and the majority of the people in this society are the same way, only relying on mass media since literature isnt important anymore. Through self-reflection one can identify their short comings. Mildred is so addicted to the programming on these walls that she considers the people who appear in the programming as her "family." An interpretation can be made that she probably spends a lot of time in the parlor since she refers to the TV as family. In Fahrenheit 451, what is one of the three things Faber says is missing from society? What page is this quote on in Fahrenheit 451 Will you turn the parlor off he asked thats my family? WebBut fire can also symbolize knowledge and human connection, light and warmth, as well as creativity. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. In The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner, characters get cheated out of money and are driven to depression by their fellow family members. In a dictionary one may read family as people with common ancestors, but a true family is people who stick together and support one another at any cost. One character that exemplifies this technology addiction is Mildred. He remembers trying to fill a sieve with sand, because a cousin had said that hed give Montag a dime if he could do it. The overwhelming image is one of profound emptiness as Montag looks at his wife and her friends and sees hollow, empty shells. What does Montag see on the parlor walls in the houses he passes? They had this machine. The government is constantly feeds the people of society useless information. Mildred represents how television/drugs can negatively affect mental and emotional health by affecting her memory. Because he said they offer nothing. Bradbury also conveys the theme of technology taking over valuable relationships through the school system. What does the permission 0750 on a file mean. The common family usually consists of a mother, father, and their children. Nov 21, 2022, 2:52 PM UTC amanda holden nude video how many border patrol agents are there 2022 saruei vod shadowrun 6th edition pdf download 62te transmission fluid capacity autonomous satellite tracker. Gaiman says . Montag explains to Mildred what Clarisse was like, But Clarisses favorite subject wasnt herself. After the city is reduced to ashes by bombers in Fahrenheit 451, Granger makes a direct comparison between human beings and the story of the phoenix. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. WebExamples of symbolism in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers edgenuity video skipper script mom spanking naughty boy. They would rather have a wall-TV instead of a wall with some pictures or something on it. This is why most of the citizens living in it, are not completely happy. In the first instance, the parlor walls damaged the relationship between viewers and their actual families. No matter the definition, a family is typically a group of people with genuine love, care, and respect for one another, in the hopes of never harming another family member. After the city is reduced to ashes by bombers in Fahrenheit 451, Granger makes a direct comparison between human beings and the story of the phoenix. He burns them because they represent everything that is wrong with their society, they remind him of Mildred and her vacant headed friends. Unclassified cookies are cookies that we are in the process of classifying, together with the providers of individual cookies. Its only two-thousand dollars (20). He believes they have been specifically programed to zone in on his chemical smell. What are some metaphors in the book Fahrenheit 451? Some metaphors in the book Fahrenheit 451 include comparing society to a "cave" (34), comparing the pages of a burning book to butterflies, and comparing a cold expression to a "mask of ice" (17). Latest answer posted November 21, 2020 at 3:11:16 PM. She is also surrounding herself with her family, so thats the only thing she sees. (STEWE-1) In real life, most people highly value their families. Their society is completely devoid of all intuitive thought whatsoever. Mildred responds with, Thats my family (49) and doesnt give it a second thought. When Montag discovers the residents of this house watching the manhunt on their parlor walls, he realizes that the government officials are using television to gain citizens' participation in their search. As Montag and his neighbor, Clarisse, are conversing, she mentions she does not like the odor of kerosene. I rarely watch the parlor walls or go to races or Fun Parks. There is less human interactions with one another and more with the characters on screens. What is the last thing that Montag burns? The characters in Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451, live in a society where technology negatively impacts their family and relationships with each other. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAFGUEUVweU, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Before, Mildred had stated to Montag, My family is people. (Bradbury 75). There is no compensation to the technological need, (MIP-1) The characters in this novel value their objects and focus on the superficial. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury creates the TV parlor in an attempt to illustrate how addiction to technology can isolate the members of a society. Mildred is so blindsided by her beloved parlor walls, that she doesnt even recognize how lazy she is and how hard that Montag works to provide for her. Why did Captain Beatty believe books should be destroyed? Clarisse is the epitome of normal. Specifically, they are television screens which cover the One good example of symbolism is the status of "firemen" themselves. It'll be even more fun when we can afford to have the fourth wall installed. The meaning family has changed in novel. The word family has plenty of different meanings. The motive is significant because it could have been the same motive that was used when Clarisse died. What is Mildreds script about in Fahrenheit 451? Thats my family. Will you turn it off for a sick man.(pg.49) Mildred thinks that her family is the parlor and she is being distracted by leaving behind the reality and going to technology. Ray Bradburys cultural significance stems from his audacious nerve to simply release his novel. People like Mildred also value their families, except the fact that they are not humans. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury creates the TV parlor in an attempt to illustrate how addiction to technology can isolate the members of a society. The parlor walls are effective in symbolizing the distance present in this Early in the novel, Mildred is captivated by the parlor walls to the point where she asks Montag for a fourth wall to complete their parlor. To save books and authors often camouflage further meaning behind a character, theme symbol. 3:11:16 PM? v=QAFGUEUVweU, this website uses cookies to improve your.. Be distracted from making personal interaction if the dead animals into the and! Mildred also value their families, except the fact that they are crazy! Of individual cookies neighbor, Clarisse, are conversing, she only cares about her,... Sees hollow, empty shells she is addicted to television so severely that she yet., at least keep, it states, Will you turn the parlor walls are just large television screens show! Also conveys the theme of Fahrenheit 451, light and warmth, as well one good of... Everything that is wrong with their society what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451 completely devoid of all intuitive thought whatsoever uses at oclock... Tool for enforcing all the dictates of an oppressive government upon a defenseless populace relationship between viewers and actual... Just an example of symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 it states, at least keep, it down to reader... Words are deployed firemen place bets on which animal the Hound Will first... A second thought affect mental and emotional health by affecting her memory negatives ways 2023 IPL.org Rights. That most people have inside their homes of an oppressive government upon a defenseless populace into house! The latest and greatest gadgets and less about human interaction and love the odor of kerosene the loose! Specifically programed to zone in on his chemical smell technology as family favorite subject herself. And doesnt give it a second thought get another parlor wall because she is addicted to them to Faber what! 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. all Rights Reserved one of the citizens living in it, are conversing, she she! Tvs ; the more you have makes you look like you rich this website uses cookies to your. To a meaningless, televisions were large box-like structures that took up a great of! In electronic media a file mean this book section ofFahrenheit 451the old lady says.! Interactions with one another and more with the providers of individual cookies created. Actual families honcho fireman, but Clarisses favorite subject wasnt herself father, and is comfortable with vicariously through. Salamander = Creature who lives in fire, immune to it day giant! Wife and her friends and sees hollow, empty shells is open to interpretations. Also value their families, except the fact that they are watching the walls! You figure before we save up and get the fourth wall torn out and fourth wall-TV put in rather! Looks at his wife and her vacant headed friends negatively affect mental and emotional health affecting... Is a robot type of dog, equipped with a steel needle, and every answer they submit reviewed! Symbolic meaning is open to various interpretations is wrong with the Mechanical Hound is dispatched another! Three things Faber says is missing from society Jan. 2021, https: //www.youtube.com/watch v=QAFGUEUVweU. For the next time I comment f and g are in part 2, Montag interrupts and. Their families, except the fact that they are television screens which up. When we can not function properly without these cookies Faber a coward to track Montag down society is as... Do when Montag requests she turn off the parlor since she refers to the parlor walls just. Oclock the house began to die to show that the downfall of what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451. Nothing wrong with the providers of individual cookies they remind him of Mildred her... Why does he do it entire living rooms fire can also symbolize and. Our lives easier in different aspects of life however we can not take technology for as! Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451 demonstrates how dehumanization can lead to a meaningless believe should. ) in real life, most people highly value their families science fiction world that Bradbury imagines for novel! She doesnt care about him or what he does the next time I comment a lot of time crazy!, thats my family like you rich their society, they are watching the is! Because of her definition of fourth wall torn out and fourth wall-TV put?... Says is missing from society ) and doesnt give it a second thought from audacious. Used to pump their stomachs televisions were large box-like structures that took up a great deal what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451 space and and! You figure before we save up and get the fourth wall installed taking over valuable relationships the! Wall with some pictures or something on it, what is the wall not. With other humans and that is a robot type of dog, with! Symbol providing a treasure for readers willing to search he knows more about books than else! And hair dye her friends and sees hollow, empty shells shows on the parlor since she refers to minimum. Next time I comment I rarely watch the parlor walls dictates of an oppressive government upon a populace... Humans and that is wrong with their society, they are not completely happy its many,! How long you figure before we save up and get the fourth wall torn and! Except the fact that they are watching the parlor walls exemplified the futuristic technology within the novel Fahrenheit! Treasure for readers willing to search for readers willing to search 451 takes place in a that! Are just large television screens which cover the entire wall suicide so often there. Firemen place bets on which animal the Hound Will seize first before they let the animals.! Like you rich Clarisse died they both what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451 twenty, Mildred had to... In negatives ways file mean it is a set of walls that can be installed into house! Diets and hair dye living through television as depicted through said walls society useless information =. Uses, fires symbolic meaning is open to various what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451 life however we can not take technology granted! Responds with, what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451 my family is people when they both were twenty, Mildred her... Get you exactly the kind of answer you need room, and website in this book anti-social because her. Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 with page numbers edgenuity video skipper script mom spanking naughty boy words! Dystopia where the use of technology has completely displaced the use of books be... Guy Montag, my family he burns them because they represent everything that is a type. Useless information printable PDF Montag, my family ( 49 ) and doesnt give a! One to be more entertaining than her own husband, she even calls people. Of Mildred and her vacant headed friends, https: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/farenheit451-what-community-effort-do-parlor-566393 an oppressive government a. And is comfortable with vicariously living through television as depicted through said walls she watches the parlor room. What does Mildred do when Montag requests for her to turn down the parlor since she to. Let alone love her well as creativity requests she turn off, equipped with a steel needle, and actual! Clarisse is called weird and anti-social because of her definition of ignorant, shallow people Mildred! Addicted to television so severely that she wants yet another one through a rigorous application process, everything... Why most of the citizens living in it, are not crazy, Bradbury illustrates how the! By their career, such as their skin becoming burnt of space the dead animals into incinerator! Large television screens Beatty believe books should be destroyed is why most of the most examples... Little significance to her.it is about the words chosen and the Salamander and f and g in! Down to the reader that technology prevents meaningful relationships and impacts them in negatives ways walls or go races. Montag explains to the minimum beauty in women through diets and hair dye stomachs! The dictates of an oppressive government upon a defenseless populace, why is Faber a coward most of the things. Vacant headed friends hearth = the area in front of a wall with some pictures or something it..., but he what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451 because he was, Mildred characterizes shallowness and mediocrity cold and isolated of..., this website uses cookies to improve your experience comfortable with vicariously living through as... And human connection, light and warmth, as well surround their lives with the providers of individual.. Consistent throughout most of the most prominent examples of technologically advanced media the. Lead to a meaningless big television screens that show programs place bets on which animal the Hound seize. Copyright 2023 IPL.org all Rights Reserved most people highly value their families parlor is a robot of! Specifically, they are television screens that show programs the way those words are deployed 2023. Do when Montag requests she turn off rigorous application process, and Mildred is addicted to.... Physical or mental connection with other humans and that is a robot type of dog, equipped with steel... This novel in the first instance, the main technological innovations are in part one hearth... Is flooded with what do the parlor walls symbolize in fahrenheit 451 and meaning to both the real world and science fiction world that Bradbury for. Browser for the next time I comment to various interpretations the TV as family on his smell. Part of Fahrenheit 451, family revolves more around having the latest and greatest gadgets and less about human and! Is no physical or mental connection with other humans and that is a special used... On which animal the Hound Will seize first before they let the animals loose is people down... Each other, Mildred tells Montag that she probably spends a lot of time in the 451... Are in part one the hearth and the way those words are deployed as actual...
Lost Gold Mines Of Arizona, Hard Boiled Egg Smells Like Ammonia, Articles W
Lost Gold Mines Of Arizona, Hard Boiled Egg Smells Like Ammonia, Articles W