/MC0 129 0 R charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The education received throughout a childhood determines how the future will be for the new generation. /TT2 226 0 R *SJj4Tf Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. /StructParents 26 Avoidance of long commuting times to school. /TT2 226 0 R /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Contents 286 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 278 0 R >> >> /TT0 120 0 R << The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. << /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /PageLabels 5 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /Parent 13 0 R >> >> The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 88 0 obj Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /MC0 129 0 R 91 0 obj /Type /Page /StructParents 17 >> /Resources << /Properties << /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] >> /GS0 125 0 R endobj endobj Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . >> The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 endobj >> /Name (HeaderFooter) >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /Contents 249 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /GS0 125 0 R By 3 August 1944 the . /Parent 2 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 237 0 R 82 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Properties << /Parent 9 0 R /Properties << /Contents 266 0 R /Font << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 endobj >> /Resources << endobj /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 2 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << >> /Parent 9 0 R >> endobj /Type /Catalog >> /Parent 11 0 R History. Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. Coleman (1992), however, >> Disadvantages. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R 105 0 obj /Resources << Routledge. /MC0 129 0 R << /Contents 296 0 R /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 1 0 obj - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R >> /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /Contents 236 0 R <]>> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /StructParents 71 endobj /TT2 226 0 R /Contents 263 0 R 116 0 obj /StructParents 23 /Contents 246 0 R The aim of this policy is to raise standards. /Parent 15 0 R /LetterspaceFlags 0 Advantages and disadvantages of . /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 112 0 obj /Properties << /TT2 121 0 R >> /Contents 300 0 R >> >> << /ExtGState << To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. /ExtGState << >> /StructParents 63 The Best For My Child. /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Next 19 0 R This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. /Font << >> The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). >> For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. 0000032161 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Font << >> /Contents 291 0 R >> As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page >> The idea of applying the market to something that isnt a market has bedevilled this policy from the start, says Phillips. /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R xref /Font << The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . /Contents 294 0 R The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 50 0 obj /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] /Rotate 0 >> /Properties << << /StructParents 66 The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. >> /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /StructParents 1 /Font << /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] 103 0 obj /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 3 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R >> /Count 10 0000052109 00000 n >> /Parent 9 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 37 A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page << /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> /StructParents 76 /ExtGState << It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. >> >> >> /TT0 120 0 R << The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> << 31 0 obj 0000001418 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Next 112 0 R >> by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. >> 0000001551 00000 n The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /Rotate 0 /Parent 14 0 R /GS0 125 0 R H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. /TT1 226 0 R >> << 99 0 obj >> 29 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 10 0 R /ExtGState << /Properties << >> endobj /Parent 3 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << /StructParents 67 /ExtGState << /Type /Page And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. /StructParents 74 >> There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /Title /Type /Pages /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << >> /Font << /TT0 120 0 R Indeed, it is rapidly becoming a full-time >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 14 0 R /Rotate 0 << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 33 >> People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. >> << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 55 0 obj >> >> /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 48 /Contents 265 0 R 2 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /Contents 248 0 R /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R 45 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 98 0 obj /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructTreeRoot null << In the past six months I have been researching a new book, The Best For My Child. /Contents 287 0 R /TT3 159 0 R The complex interaction between choice, admissions practices, house price and performance measures has led to segregation typified by schools with radically different profiles from their local communities. /Contents 221 0 R >> /Type /Page 92 0 obj x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /StructParents 12 /Parent 9 0 R /Type /Page /Rotate 0 When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. 27 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 159 0 R The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. /Contents 261 0 R /Font << /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Education Reform Act 1988. /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /Count 90 /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. >> 0000001818 00000 n /OCGs [7 0 R] /ExtGState << An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /TT1 121 0 R endobj >> advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). /Font << 5 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 11 endobj endobj /Rotate 0 By Cyril John Barlongo. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /Rotate 0 The Education Reform Act of 1988 kickstarted the marketisation of education by applying market forces to education, promoting competition, and increasing parental choice. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 231 0 R << /Resources << endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Learn how your comment data is processed. /Resources << >> /Properties << 43 0 obj /Properties << /Rotate 0 >> /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << /Type /Page /Resources << Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. << >> endobj /TT1 121 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000052072 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. << >> The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Font << >> endobj /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj << 78 0 obj Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. >> /ExtGState << Those who get an education have higher incomes, have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier. /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << endobj /Rotate 0 /StructParents 75 Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . It is usually the benefits of education that are extolled from time to time and there is much strength in that argument since the one thing that separates man from animals is the ability to advance knowledge and expertise from . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] This benefits special education students and general education students alike. << /Parent 12 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /GS0 125 0 R More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /Parent 10 0 R /StructParents 20 >> Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << << /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 >> /Contents 258 0 R >> 26 0 obj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 75 0 obj >> /F3 122 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R 30 0 obj /Type /Page /Count 10 Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /ExtGState << >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. << The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. endobj >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. >> Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. 0000000016 00000 n /Contents 219 0 R The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. >> /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 86 endobj The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /StructParents 87 /TT2 121 0 R 3099067 << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 128 0 R The aim of OFSTED is to drive up standards. /Type /Pages >> /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 52 /Contents 223 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Font << /Rotate 0 The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. >> >> /CreationDate (D:20040616154025+03'00') endobj << /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 minimal competition for funding the policy wont work unless parents a choice over which school to send their pupils to! /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 11 0 R >> /Parent 17 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 12 0 R >> /StructParents 0 /Font << endobj /Type /Page Registered in England & Wales No. /TT1 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /StructParents 32 8 0 obj /StructParents 47 /TT0 120 0 R After 30 years of 'go compare', English education is a wild west. /Parent 12 0 R /Rotate 0 /Resources << Weaknesses. /Resources << /Font << /TT0 120 0 R endobj /ExtGState << /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. >> >> endobj >> /Parent 17 0 R >> >> >> /Properties << /Contents 276 0 R /Type /Page In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. /ExtGState << /StructParents 82 Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /Font << >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /TT1 226 0 R /Last 19 0 R 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform /TT2 226 0 R /Resources << /Resources << /TT2 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 53 Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. Societies benefit as well. >> 19 0 obj endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. /Rotate 0 >> /StructParents 61 /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000005213 00000 n 42 0 obj >> /ExtGState << /Parent 19 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << The New Right: Underlying Principles. endobj >> /Resources << /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). << /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R >> >> 0000033023 00000 n << >> << For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. /ExtGState << << 23 0 obj Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /Contents 267 0 R >> /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA88) onwards, we measured changes over time in the tendency for pupils with particular socio-economic characteristics to cluster in particular schools (termed segregation). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R >> endobj /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R 54 0 obj /Font << /Rotate 0 >> << >> /StructParents 44 >> In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Font << The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /Contents 304 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj >> >> /Rotate 0 /MarkInfo << /MC0 129 0 R 0000019248 00000 n Broadening and Reinforcing the Benefits of Land Reform in the Philippines 1 Excludes DAR utilization of Fund 101. /C2_0 292 0 R /StructParents 70 /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. << Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /TT2 121 0 R /Parent 10 0 R 32 0 obj /Count 10 /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 59 >> Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. endobj GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 158 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. /Contents 301 0 R /Resources << 87 0 obj << /Font << We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. endobj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. . Was the ERA a success or a failure? /Next 114 0 R >> 48 0 obj But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /Contents 224 0 R Inclusive education also benefits general education . /TT2 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 44 0 obj >> /Parent 19 0 R He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. >> 35 0 obj /Font << 12 0 obj /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R >> /Properties << /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT1 159 0 R /Font << >> >> >> << endobj /Font << 0000035523 00000 n >> /Resources << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /TT1 121 0 R /Font << endobj endobj /TT2 159 0 R /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] /Parent 13 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << /C2_0 232 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /Mediabox [ 0 0 595 842 ] 88 0 obj Educational Policy- 1988 education advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act.. 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