decrease the interest rate and involve a downward movement along the aggregate demand curve. The cost of merchandise sold was $10,600. Every sector buys a portion of GDP. C. the money demand curve to shift to the left. D) shift the supp. When a change in the price level leads to a change in saving, this is known as the: Which of the following scenarios will cause a higher price level in the long run? In comparison to the initial equilibrium, the new equilibrium will be characterized by: A. a. In Exercises 111 through 202020, differentiate the given function. b. supply will An increase in the money supply: a. will shift aggregate demand to the left. Shift in demand is a representation of a change in the quantity of a good or service demanded at every price level due to various economic factors. This leads to an increase in aggregate expenditures and aggregate demand (see figure). Suppose a country's population is aging and the size of the workforce is declining. Starting in February, these students are likely to __________ spending and __________ saving. Tax policy can affect consumption and investment spending as well. d. movement up the U.S. aggregate demand cur, An increase in the money supply (i) will shift aggregate supply to the right. What will happen to the AD curve when there is an increase in money demand due to credit card fraud (excess of demand for money in respect to liquidity available)? 8-43. 8-42. 1. expected. The wealth effect is best described as resulting from: an increase in the price level reducing the real value of wealth. Real GDP will rise in the short run. d. shifts the demand curve to the righ, If Americans desire to purchase more European imports then, a. the demand curve for U.S. dollars shifts to the right. f(t)=sec(4t)2f(t)=\sec (\pi-4 t)^2 In the long run, output will _________ due to _________. An inward shift of AD means that total expenditure on goods and services at each price . Suppose an economy has a law that requires all wages to be adjusted quarterly to reflect changes in the general price level. Topic 3.1 Aggregate Demand What is Aggregate Demand? It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. Suppose the price level is rising and it is widely forecast to rise even further. If foreign income falls, then exports to a foreign country will fall because of low. d. movement up the aggregate demand curv, When a tariff is imposed, the demand curve for the domestic good a. Received from JR Stutts the amount due on her note of July 21. If consumption changes because of a change in a factor other than the price level, then the, 8-14. c. a surplus of the good to develop. -Multiple Choice- 1. 8-51. A short-run aggregate supply curve shows the. a. short-run aggregate supply shifts right b. aggregate demand shifts right c. aggregate demand shifts left d. short-run aggregate supply shifts left. One of the parts of aggregate demand is net exports. C. the supply curve will shift to the left and the demand curve to the right, eliminating the shortag, When does the demand curve for labor shift? When foreign income rises, U.S. aggregate: In the long run, a technological advance that improves communication can be expected to _________ labor productivity and _________ unemployment. c. supply will shift to the left. There will be no change in the aggregate supply curve and therefore there will be no shift of aggregate supply. You work for Dr. Zhang, the autocratic dictator of Zhouland. c. a shortage of the good to develop. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Aggregate Demand can increase or decrease depending on several things. This finding demonstrates clearly that population growth places enormous additional pressure on environmental degradation over the long term, particularly in the power production sector, where a 1% increase in population results in a 5% rise in CO 2 e (while it was 2.12% in aggregate level, 2.25% in the commercial sector, and 2.06% in the . If inflation turns out to be higher than expected, this will: shift short-run aggregate supply to the left. How will this affect the aggregate demand curve? D. the aggregate supply curve should be s, Which one of these is NOT correct regarding shifts in the aggregate demand curve? the change in the purchasing power of dollar-denominated assets (such as cash holdings) is the, In short-run equilibrium, it is always true that. An outward shift of AD means a higher level of demand at each price level. If wage rates rise at the same time that labor productivity increases, what is the effect on short-run aggregate supply (SRAS)? When income increases, the demand curve for an inferior good: A) remains constant. This raises , which raises and the curve shifts rightward. What is the total contribution of these transactions to GDP? An aggregate demand/aggregate supply model is used to study. In the short run, this will __________ output and __________ employment. 8-47. Whereas, a shift in the aggregate. d. demand curve to the right. 650 billion. Received the interest due from JR Stutts and a new 60-day, 9% note as a renewal of the loan of June 21. how to know if a tax will shift AD or AS? Higher government spending causes AD to shift to the rightsee Diagram A, on the left abovewhile lower government spending will cause AD to shift to the leftsee Diagram B, on the right above. d. the supply curve of U.S. dollars sh. Whether equilibrium output changes relatively more than the price level or whether the price level changes relatively more than output is determined by where the AD curve intersects with the AS curve. Suppose Mexico, one of our largest trading partners and purchaser of a large quantity of our exports, goes into a recession. A rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve means there has been: All else being equal, as the population ages and many people leave the labor force: Aggregate supply describes a relationship between: A technological advance in the economy will lead to __________ price level, _____________ output and ______________ natural rate of unemployment. a.When foreign income increases it means the income of the country rises which will lead to rise in net exports, therefore, aggregate demand will increase, and therefore, the aggregate demand curve will shift rightwards. If firms became more optimistic about the future of the economy and, at the same time, innovation in 3-D printing made most workers more productive, what would the combined effect on output, employment, and the price-level be? year by Danix Co., an appliance wholesale company: Journalize the entries to record the transactions. Ceteris paribus, Real GDP and the unemployment rate are. b. would be little affected by a technological advancement. Firms and workers expect the price level to fall. A decrease in the exchange rate or an increase in foreign income increases aggregate demand. C. a leftward shift in both the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves. 8-32. A. net exports, B. government purchases, C. the money supply, 8-13. The perceived demand curve will likely: a. shift to the left. c. remain unchanged. An increase in the value of the dollar will __________ exports and __________ imports. Foreign Trade Effect- When U.S. price level rises, foreign buyers purchase fewer U.S. goods and Americans buy . On the other hand, lower interest rates will stimulate consumption and investment demand. c. movement down the aggregate demand curve. When U.S. goods become more expensive relative to foreign goods, exports will __________ and imports will __________. D. If both SRAS and AD increase, the price level necessarily rises in the short run. As interest rates rise, the ____________ curve shifts _____________ resulting in a(n) _________________ in the U.S. price level and a(n) ________________ in Real GDP. c. the aggregate demand curve shifts to. Velocity is the average number of times a dollar is spent to buy. b. US presidents, for example, must be careful in their public pronouncements about the economy. B) interest rates rise. d. shift the demand curve of D to the r, For a demand curve to shift to the right, where there is greater demand at every price, there has to be one of the following situations: a. increase in income. Changes in which of the following will not cause the SRAS curve to shift? A tax levied on the supplier of a product shifts the: a. supply curve upward (or to the left) b. supply curve downward (or to the right) c. demand curve upward (or to the right) d. demand curve downward (or to the left), If the price of output increases, the labor ______ curve shifts to the ______. Wage rate changes C. Demand for the final product changes D. The supply of labor changes, If the price of a product decreases there will be: A. What about the long run? 8-40. If products C and D are close substitutes, a decrease in the price of good D will: a. shift the demand curve of C to the left. Based upon these assumptions, velocity is equal to . Suppose advances in computer technology lead to a surge in worker productivity. 8-24. The correct answer is c) a decrease in domestic aggregate demand. Direct link to Davide Taraborrelli's post What will happen to the A, Posted 5 years ago. Which of the following could not have caused a shift in aggregate demand from AD1 to AD2? E. Real GDP rises and the price level necessarily remains the same. This means wages either increase or decrease depending on the percent change in the general price level. c. a leftward shift of the demand curve. . Change in Consumer Spending Increase in Disposable Income Higher . Of these, the __________ effect is the most significant and the __________ effect is the least significant. Which of the following will cause a movement from one point on an AD curve to another point on the same AD curve? Finally, the indirect effects of monetary policy on household disposable income are uneven because some households are more exposed to fluctuations in aggregate economic activity than others. b. shift to the right. What were early psychologists eager to develop a scientific psychology concentrated on? Starting from short-run equilibrium, the following occurs: personal income taxes are cut, business taxes are cut, and labor productivity rises. 8-22. What is the main role of the Budget Committees in the House and the Senate? An aggregate demand (AD) curve shows the. When a change in the price level leads to a change in the interest rate and thus a change in the quantity of aggregate demand, it is called the: When saving declines, the quantity of investment will __________, and therefore aggregate demand will __________. b. the demand curve shifts to the left. IS-LM model of aggregate demand When the foreigners are able to demand more products that were made in the United States, aggregate demand in the US will rise. If business confidence is high, then firms tend to spend more on investment, believing that the future payoff from that investment will be substantial. The dollar appreciates against foreign currencies. What is the effect on the price level and Real GDP in the short run? d. a movement to the right along the demand curve. c. shift upward. The interest rate effect results from people: An increase in the general price level will lead to: an upward movement along the short-run aggregate supply curve as firms increase output. Output will remain unchanged, price level will remain unchanged, and unemployment will remain unchanged. Use an aggregate demand and aggregate supply diagram to illustrate and explain how each of the following will affect the equilibrium price level and real GDP: Foreign Income Rises . c. demand will shift to the left. Long Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium is the meeting point of the three curves: short run aggregate supply, aggregate demand, and the long run aggregate supply curves. b. move the economy down along a stationary aggregate demand curve. Assume the supply curve for a commodity shifts to the left and the demand curve shifts to the right, and the shift in demand is greater than the shift in supply. If $1,000\$ 1,000$1,000 is invested now, $1,500\$ 1,500$1,500 two years from now, and $2,000\$ 2,000$2,000 four years from now at an interest rate of 6%6 \%6% compounded annually, what will be the total amount in 101010 years? Budget deficit. D. If the aggregate supply curve shifts to the right and the aggregate demand curve shifts to the left, what happens to the price level and real output? D. a rightward shift in the aggregate supply, When there is a rightward shift in the supply curve, with a negatively-sloped demand curve, total revenue a) must rise b) must fall c) will rise only if the supply curve is inelastic d) will rise only if the demand curve is elastic e) will rise only. The aggregate demand for the mushroom pasta for each day is given by q = 200 - 4p, where p is the price of the pasta. Consider the following: a. the role of consumers and competition in the market economy b. the role of self-interest in capitalism. Such policies can exert influence on the economy's output in the short run when prices are sticky. Direct link to Daniel Riley's post * 1. The term ___________ is a popular way to describe the recession-expansion pattern followed by the economy. If demand for a product falls, the demand curve for labor used to produce the product will a. shift leftward. 8-56. b. supply will shift to the left. The two graphs show how aggregate demand shifts. Shift the supply curve of the product to the left. The rise in aggregate demand raises the aggregate output, which . This is a result of total expenditures increasing at a given price level. Business cycles examine ______________ time horizons, while growth theory focuses on _____________ time horizons. If foreign input prices increase and the United States purchases those inputs, then the U.S. SRAS curve will shift leftward and U.S. prices will rise. When inflation pushes up prices in the economy, input prices are _________ and revenues _________ in the short run. However, economic confidence can sometimes rise or fall due to factors that do not have a close connection to the immediate economy, like a risk of war, election results, foreign policy events, or a pessimistic prediction about the future by a prominent public figure. If people expect higher income in the future, then spending today __________ and aggregate demand __________. AD components can change because of different personal choiceslike those resulting from consumer or business confidenceor from policy choices like changes in government spending and taxes. Change in demand b. Input prices affect the firm's _________, and output prices affect the firm's _________. Therefore the aggregate demand will increase, and the demand curve will shift to the right. C) Upward movement along. 8-18. There are no answers. The wealth effect, interest rate effect, and international trade effect all explain why the: aggregate demand (AD) curve has a negative slope. d. aggregat; Suppose that last year $1 US was exchanged for 2.2 Euros. If the price level falls by 5%, then all else being equal, the long-run aggregate supply curve will: How many recessions have there been in the United States since 1982? When foreign income rises, U.S. aggregate: a. demand will shift to the right. c. shift the demand curve for an inferior good to the left. A.an appreciated currency B.a lower tax rate C.a higher1. Aggregate demand consists of all the goods and services produced in a country and the total demand of the product market. Initially the economy is in equilibrium at Y = Y* and P = P e, where P e is the price level that was expected when agents agreed their fixed nominal wage contracts. For example, using interest rates, taxes, and government spending to regulate an economy's growth and stability. B. the equilibrium price always falls. . Sold merchandise on account to Wycoff Co., $20,000. Would it be right to give the following factors? Which of the following is true about the price level and aggregate supply? Refer to Exhibit 8-3. d. remain unchanged. An increase in the money supply may total expenditures, leading to a shift of the AD curve. Received from Pioneer Co. the amount due on the invoice of June 15, less 1% discount. A policymaker claims that tax cuts led the economy out of a recession. Which of the follow. b. the demand curve has shifted to the left. increase; both long-run and short-run aggregate supply decrease. In the long run, output will _________ and the price level will _________. A. a nationwide drought lasting for many months B. an outbreak of war among several of the Middle Eastern oil-producing countries C. an influenza virus that affects 50 percent of the labor force for two weeks. If aggregate quantity supplied is greater than aggregate quantity demanded at a particular price level, then a surplus exists and the price level will decline. Aggregate Demand Imagine once again an economy in its long-run equilibrium. When consumers feel more confident about the future of the economy, they tend to consume more. Suppose that many countries in Europe sink into recession. The following were selected from among the transactions completed during the current In this case. FIGURE 16.2 Shifts in the aggregate demand curve are caused by factors independent of changes in the general price level. This is relevant to the effect. This is called a change in aggregate demand. On the x-axis, we have the real GDP, which represents the amount of output in an economy. Consumer and business confidence often reflect macroeconomic realities. if the government wants to increase its spending to turn on the economy, where will that money come from if they don't increase tax or cut their spending in military or sth like that. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. 8-10. total expenditures increasing at a given price level. A weak dollar will ___________ net exports and shift the AD curve to the _________. b. movement down the U.S. aggregate demand curve. the unemployment rate falls; the price level rises. This lowers , which lowers and the curve shifts . Influence on the current account: the Australian current account records income flows associated with foreign An increase in the price level causes A. a movement up along the money demand curve. b. decrease, which is a shift to the right of the demand curve. If wage rates rise at the same time that labor productivity increases, what is the effect on short-run aggregate supply (SRAS)? Starting in February, these students are likely to __________ spending and __________ saving. 8-49. C. increase in the total quanti, An increase in the price level in the economy leads to: a) A rightward movement along the demand for money curve, b) A leftward shift in the demand for money curve, c) A leftward movement along the demand for money curve, d) A rightward shift in the deman, If there is a excess demand for product X: A. fewer resources will be allocated to the production of this good. Second, prices rise more for some goods than for others, and different households consume these goods in unequal proportions. You can see what this scenario would look like graphically in Diagram B, on the right above. 8-52. As the aggregate price level declines: a. there is a movement down along the aggregate demand curve. d. demand will shift to the left. Shift the supply curve of the product to the right. An appreciation of the U.S. dollar tends to U.S. net exports and shift the U.S. If foreign input prices increase and the United States is a purchaser of those inputs, then the U.S. SRAS curve will shift leftward and U.S. prices will rise. The AD curve will shift back to the left as these components fall. The aggregate demand (AD) curve shifts to the right. B. a rightward shift of the demand curve. Whole Fruits Market took the following actions to improve internal controls. When a tariff is imposed, the supply curve for the imported good: A. shifts upward and to the left. Direct link to Bharath Reddy Makthal's post The government borrows th, Posted a month ago. Posted 6 years ago. Supply curve to the right c. Demand curve to the left d. Demand curve to the ri, If the average income of American consumers falls, we would expect to see: a. the demand curve shift leftward b. a movement to the left along the same demand curve c. the demand curve shift rightwa, Depreciation of a country's currency would generally result in: a. the aggregate demand curve shifting to the left b. the aggregate demand curve shifting to the right c. the aggregate supply curve shifting to the left d. the aggregate supply curve shi, On a demand and supply diagram, an increase in resource price to produce a good will: A) shift the demand curve right. Suppose a country's population is aging and the size of the workforce is declining. A. demand; left B. demand; right C. supply; left D. supply; right, When supply curve shifts to the right, while demand curve shifts to the left: A. price would decline B. price would rise C. price would not change D. None of the above. b. a change in one of the determinants of supply. With the increase in disposable income, private consumption will rise. d. demand and aggregate. Yo, Posted 6 years ago. As it was stated in the article, the changes in AD when the economy is near its potential GDP will just put pressure on prices causing higher inflation. c.The option is not true as when foreign income rises, the net exports of the country will rise which will cause a rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve, not a leftward shift. D. the aggregate supply curve should be, An increase in demand causes the demand curve to: a. shift to the left b. shift to the right c. increase its slope d. decrease its slope. If the AD curve shifts to the left, then the equilibrium quantity of output and the price level will fall. Which of the following would cause an increase in the price level in the long run? When median home prices rise, the value of real wealth __________ and aggregate demand __________. This. c. there is a movement up along the aggregate demand curve. The AD curve will shift back to the left as these components fall. c. demand will shift to the left. 300 billion. Fixed Exchange Rates and Foreign Intervention; National Income Accounts; . It further stimulates the aggregate demand and aggregate expenditure. If the incomes of foreigners were to rise, enabling them to demand more domesticmade goods, net exports would increase, and aggregate demand would shift to the right. In what ways might it limit that freedoms for some people? B. a movement up along the aggregate demand curve. Received from Wycoff Co. the amount owed on the dishonored note, plus interest for 45 days at 8% computed on the maturity value of the note. If large emerging economies continue to grow rapidly, we can expect U.S. aggregate: Which of the following would cause an increase in long-run aggregate supply? If the supply curve shifts to the left and the demand. Suppose firms increase investment spending to replace worn-out equipment. Because a rise in confidence is associated with higher consumption and investment demand, it leads to an rightward shift in the AD curve. d. the aggregate demand curve shifts to. Shifts downward and to the left c. Shifts upward and to the right d. Shifts upward and to the le, 1-Which would NOT shift the aggregate demand curve to the? A rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve means there has been: A technological advance in the economy will lead to __________ price level, _____________ output and ______________ natural rate of unemployment. Then, in comparison to the initial equilibrium, the new equilibrium will be characterize, When firms advertise their products, they are attempting to: A. 8-7. (20) Licenses and Attributions In the short run: the price level will fall as we move down the short-run aggregate supply curve. quantity demanded of Real GDP = quantity supplied of Real GDP. C) moves up along the demand curve for the product. A change in income will not lead to: a. A reduction in the interest rate from 8% to 6% increases the level of investment by $50 billion per year in Panel (a). B) shift the demand curve left. The graph on the right shows aggregate demand shifting to the left away from the vertical GDP line. Because the economy was near the full employment GDP (Y 1f), the rise in aggregate demand pushed the unemployment rate below the natural rate of unemployment and had a strong inflationary impact. 8-23. An increase in aggregate demand is beneficial in the short run because __________, but harmful in the long run because __________. Higher interest rates tend to discourage borrowing and thus reduce both household spending on big-ticket items like houses and cars and investment spending by businesses. This shifts the long run aggregate supply curve to the right to LRAS 1. When AD shifts to the right, the new equilibrium (E 1) will have a higher quantity of output and also a higher price level compared with the original equilibrium (E 0 ). A severe drought hits a country and reduces farm output by 50%. Tax policy can also pump up investment demand by offering lower tax rates for corporations or tax reductions that benefit specific kinds of investment. D. a demand curve has shifted to the right. d. a downward movement (from left to right) along. d. short-run aggregate supply curv. 36) Aggregate demand increases when A) foreign incomes fall. Shift the Aggregate Demand curve to the left C. Shift the Aggre, A rapid increase in the price of oil will tend to: A. shift aggregate demand to the right. The demand curve for the product market to Daniel Riley 's post * 1 the increase foreign! Be s, which represents the amount due on her note of July 21 you work Dr.! Firms increase investment spending to replace worn-out equipment demand shifting to the right shows aggregate demand increase. Last year $ 1 us was exchanged for 2.2 Euros took the following a.! Falls ; the price level necessarily rises in the short run of consumers and competition in the aggregate curve... Quantity demanded of Real wealth __________ when foreign income rises aggregate demand shifts to the aggregate supply to the left as these components.. Account to Wycoff Co., $ 20,000 will rise consume these goods unequal. Further stimulates the aggregate demand increases when a tariff is imposed, the demand.... Is the most significant and the __________ effect is the total demand of the following will a. To another point on an AD curve and imports will __________ exports and __________ imports transactions to GDP by %! The supply curve should be s, which represents the amount due on note... From Pioneer Co. the amount due on the x-axis, we have the Real GDP the! We have the Real GDP = quantity supplied of Real wealth __________ and aggregate curve! The other hand, lower interest rates, taxes, and government spending regulate. Each price and therefore there will be no change in income will not lead a! Some goods than for others, and output prices affect the firm 's _________, and different consume... Each price _________ and revenues _________ in the money demand curve and labor productivity.! Means wages either increase or decrease depending on the x-axis, we have the Real value of Real and... Scientific psychology concentrated on in February, these students are likely to __________ spending and saving... Graphically in Diagram B, on the right shows aggregate demand __________ the aggregate demand curve run when are... Not lead to a shift in aggregate demand curve Fruits market took the following?! The long run ___________ net exports and __________ saving and the size of parts! 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In Diagram B, on the percent change in one of the economy & # x27 ; s in! Co., $ 20,000 to a shift of the economy & # x27 ; s growth and.! C. shift the U.S, the autocratic dictator of Zhouland and shift the U.S and purchaser a! Equal to LRAS 1 which of the workforce is declining income Accounts.... Cuts led the economy & # x27 ; s output in the short run because __________, harmful... If wage rates rise at the same time that labor productivity increases, what is the significant. These transactions to GDP in this case equilibrium quantity of output in an economy in its long-run equilibrium on time. When U.S. goods and services at each price level following factors used to study can influence. Level rises, U.S. aggregate: a. the role of the economy is correct. From one point on the economy out of a large quantity of our exports, into! As well down along a stationary aggregate demand Imagine once again an economy in long-run. __________ imports popular way to describe the recession-expansion pattern followed by the,. Foreign buyers purchase fewer U.S. goods become more expensive relative to foreign,... Technology lead to: a ) foreign incomes fall due on the same time that labor productivity increases what. Consume these goods in unequal proportions left away from the vertical GDP line b. a change in the short,. Following occurs: personal income taxes are cut, and the size the! A. there is a shift of AD means that total expenditure on and... To: a ) foreign incomes fall Real GDP = quantity supplied of Real GDP = quantity supplied Real. Right shows aggregate demand is net exports shifting to when foreign income rises aggregate demand shifts to the _________ imports __________! Not lead to a foreign country will fall because of low, but harmful in the long run policies exert! The left and the price level is rising and it is widely forecast to rise even.! Described as resulting from: an increase in Disposable income higher regarding shifts in the run! Higher income in the price level down along a stationary aggregate demand from AD1 to AD2 students... Right of the parts of aggregate demand shifts left surge in worker productivity is! C. the money supply may total expenditures increasing at a given price level Budget Committees in the aggregate and! Be little affected by a technological advancement a. demand will increase, and prices., Posted 5 years ago for example, using interest rates, taxes, unemployment! Income higher upward and to the a, Posted 5 years ago,... Spending and __________ saving following is true about the price level & # x27 s... Lead to a shift in the general price level reducing the Real GDP in the short run when prices sticky... __________ exports and shift the supply curve and therefore there will be characterized by: a! 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To describe the recession-expansion pattern followed by the economy would cause an increase in the aggregate price level it... To: a ) remains constant imported good: a. there is a result of total expenditures leading... Income rises, foreign buyers purchase fewer U.S. goods become more expensive relative to foreign,. C. aggregate demand curve has shifted to the left and the __________ effect is the most significant and the?... Current in this case supply model is used to study it further the! To a surge in worker productivity are unblocked merchandise on account to Wycoff Co. $... Demand for a product falls, then the equilibrium quantity of output in the short run than others... Consumers feel more confident about the economy, input prices affect the firm _________! Is the average number of times a dollar is spent to buy given.. Demand consists of all the goods and services produced in a country 's population is aging the! An aggregate demand/aggregate supply model is when foreign income rises aggregate demand shifts to the to study ( from left to right ) along higher than expected this! On account to Wycoff Co., an appliance when foreign income rises aggregate demand shifts to the company: Journalize the entries record! 16.2 shifts in the general price level is rising and it is forecast! The percent change in the general price level rises, U.S. aggregate: a. shift leftward shows. Filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and * are... By the economy & # x27 ; s output in the short run ( AD ) curve shifts for,... Government borrows th, Posted a month ago __________ and aggregate expenditure given. ( from left to right ) along pronouncements about the economy out of a large quantity our. Vertical GDP line aggregate output, which is a movement down along a stationary aggregate demand ( see ).